Inflammation in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Our Scientific Focus

Although the mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases has been reduced over the past 50 years, among other reasons due to innovations in medical care, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death worldwide. In particular, patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit a significantly increased cardiovascular risk. To reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, new therapeutic targets need to be identified and translated into clinical practice. Data from the last two decades have demonstrated that inflammatory processes play an important role in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. It has been shown that inflammatory networks between blood vessels, the myocardium, bone marrow, spleen, sympathetic nervous system, and the gut significantly influence both the development and progression of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases.

The focus of our research group is to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of these inflammatory networks within the framework of organ crosstalk and to derive new immunological therapy targets from this understanding. We are particularly interested in intestinal mediators (such as the incretin hormones GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP) and immune cells from the gut (e.g., intraepithelial lymphocytes). Through a bench-to-bedside approach, we aim to validate observations from basic research in clinical studies (registries, biobanks, epidemiological studies, interventional studies).

Emmy Noether Arbeitsgruppenleiter (Principal investigator)

Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Florian Kahles, MD
Tel.: 0241 80-37515
Fax: 0241 80-82545
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Lab manager

Susanne Just, B.Sc.
Lab manager, MTA
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Postdoc / Postdoktorand

Dr. med. Berkan Kurt, MD
Postdoc
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PhD students / Naturwissenschaftliche Doktorandinnen und Doktoranden

Naresh Ganesh (M.Sc.)
PhD student
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Anmol Kapoor (M.Sc.)
PhD student
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Muhammad Shoaib Malik (M.Sc.)
PhD student
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Martin Reugels (M.Sc.)
PhD student
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Rutuja Salagundi (M. Sc.)
PhD student
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MD students / Medizinische Doktorandinnen und Doktoranden

Alessandra G. Antwerpen (cand. med)
MD student
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Kaan Aygar (B.Sc., cand. med)
MD student
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Justus Bornemann
MD student
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Lea-Marie Degenhart
MD student

Anna Giacin (cand. med)
MD student
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Zineb Guechairi (cand. med.)
MD student
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Felix Kampas (cand. med.)
MD student
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Marieke Mertens (cand. med)
MD student
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Katharina Müser (cand. med)
MD student
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Maximilian Neuhaus (cand. med)
MD student
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Luis Quintana
MD student
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Konstantin Rex (cand. med)
MD student
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Maximilian Sausen
MD student
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Nadim Tabaza
MD student
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Natalie Thoma
MD student

Technician

Dina Zelener
Technische Assistentin
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Alumni

Maria C. Arrivas (M.Sc.)

Paul Idel (MD thesis)

Dr. med. Robert W. Mertens 

Selected publications:

  • Kurt B*, Reugels M* (*equal contribution), Schneider KM, Spießhöfer J, Milzi A, Gombert A, Fordyce CB, Wenzl FA, Pagidipati NJ, Rocha V, Fudim M, Sharma A, Lehrke M, Shimokawa H, Liuzzo G, Tokgozoglu L, Crea F, Lüscher TF, Libby P, Ridker PM, Marx N, Schneider CV*, Kahles F*. C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk in the general population.
    Eur Heart J. 2025 Dec 11; doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf937.
  • Wenzl FA*, Wang P*, Kahles F*(*equal contribution), Beck KR*, Giannitsis E, Obeid S, Bruno F, Li XS, Nanchen D, Liberale L, Smolle MA, Schweiger V, Klingenberg R, Manka R, Stähli BE, Templin C, König M, Yuan J, Yildirim M, Lehrke M, von Eckardstein A, Marx N, Mach F, Räber L, Katus HA, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Demuth I, Deanfield J, Libby P, Hazen SL, Haghikia A, Landmesser U, Bäckhed F, Lüscher TF. Gut microbiota-derived imidazole propionate predicts cardiometabolic risk in patients with coronary artery disease. 
    Eur Heart J. 2025 Aug 30; doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf661.
  • Kurt B*, Rau M* (*equal contribution), Hartmann O, Bergmann A, Reugels M, Just S, Wenzl FA, Moellmann J, Spießhöfer J, Milzi A, Kneizeh K, Thiele K, Hohl M, Selejan SR, van der Vorst EPC, Dahl E, Schröder J, Lüscher TF, Marx N, Lehrke M*, Kahles F*. Adjustment of the SMART risk score by bioactive adrenomedullin enables a more accurate prediction of mortality in patients with ASCVD.
    Atherosclerosis. 2025 May 26; doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120220.
  • Janssen H*, Kahles F* (*equal contribution), Liu D, Downey J, Koekkoek LL, Roudko V, D'Souza D, McAlpine CS, Halle L, Poller WC, Chan CT, He S, Mindur JE, Kiss MG, Singh S, Anzai A, Iwamoto Y, Kohler RH, Chetal K, Sadreyev RI, Weissleder R, Kim-Schulze S, Merad M, Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK. Monocytes re-enter the bone marrow during fasting and alter the host response to infection.
    Immunity. 2023 Feb 14:S1074-7613(23)00036-5.
  • Kahles F*, Rau M*, Reugels M, Foldenauer AC, Mertens RW, Arrivas MC, Schröder J, Idel P, Moellmann J, van der Vorst EPC, Marx N, Lehrke M. The gut hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is downregulated in response to myocardial injury.
    Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022 Feb 5;21(1):18.
  • Poller WC, Downey J, Mooslechner AA, Khan N, Li L, Chan CT, McAlpine CS, Xu C, Kahles F, He S, Janssen H, Mindur JE, Singh S, Kiss MG, Alonso-Herranz L, Iwamoto Y, Kohler RH, Wong LP, Chetal K, Russo SJ, Sadreyev RI, Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M, Frenette PS, Divangahi M, Swirski FK. Brain motor and fear circuits regulate leukocytes during acute stress.
    Nature. 2022 May 30. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04890-z.
  • McAlpine CS, Park J, Griciuc A, Kim E, Choi SH, Iwamoto Y, Kiss MG, Christie KA, Vinegoni C, Poller WC, Mindur JE, Chan CT, He S, Janssen H, Wong LP, Downey J, Singh S, Anzai A, Kahles F, Jorfi M, Feruglio PF, Sadreyev RI, Weissleder R, Kleinstiver BP, Nahrendorf M, Tanzi RE, Swirski FK. Astrocytic interleukin-3 programs microglia and limits Alzheimer's disease.
    Nature. 2021 Jul;595(7869):701-706.
  • Kahles F, Rückbeil MV, Arrivas MC, Mertens RW, Moellmann J, Biener M, Giannitsis E, Katus HA, Marx N, Lehrke M. Association of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Levels With Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction.
    J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Jul 6;10(13):e019477
  • Kahles F, Rückbeil MV, Mertens RW, Foldenauer AC, Arrivas MC, Moellmann J, Lebherz C, Biener M, Giannitsis E, Katus HA, Marx N, Lehrke M. GLP-1 levels predict cardiovascular risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
    Eur Heart J. 2020 Feb 14;41(7):882-889. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz728
  • He S*, Kahles F* (*equal contribution), Rattik S*, Nairz M, McAlpine CS, Anzai A, Selgrade D, Fenn AM, Chan CT, Mindur JE, Valet C, Poller WC, Halle L, Rotllan N, Iwamoto Y, Wojtkiewicz GR, Weissleder R, Libby P, Fernández-Hernando C, Drucker DJ, Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK. Gut intraepithelial T cells calibrate metabolism and accelerate cardiovascular disease.
    Nature. 2019 Feb;566(7742):115-119. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0849-9.
  • McAlpine CS, Kiss MG, Rattik S, He S, Vassalli A, Valet C, Anzai A, Chan CT, Mindur JE, Kahles F, Poller WC, Frodermann V, Fenn AM, Gregory AF, Halle L, Iwamoto Y, Hoyer FF, Binder CJ, Libby P, Tafti M, Scammell TE, Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK. Sleep modulates haematopoiesis and protects against atherosclerosis.
    Nature. 2019 Feb 13. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0948-2.
  • Kahles F, Meyer C, Möllmann J, Lebherz C, Findeisen HM, Diebold S, Trautwein C, Koch A, Tacke F, Marx N, Lehrke M. GLP-1 Secretion Is Increased by Inflammatory Stimuli in an IL-6-Dependent Manner, Leading to Hyperinsulinemia and Blood Glucose Lowering.
    Diabetes. 2014 Oct;63(10):3221-9

For a complete reference list please see PubMed* Link

  • Emmy Noether Programm, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), SFB-TRR2019
  • IZKF-Verbundförderung Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
  • Deutsche Herzstiftung
  • Ernst- und Berta Grimmke-Stiftung
  • Deutsche Stiftung für Herzforschung
  • Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
  • START-Antrag Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK)
  • Start-Up Grant, Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state government
  • European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD)
  • Novo Nordisk Foundation
  • ERA-CVD (Horizon 2020, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF)

IMR Blue Zone

IMR Blue Zone is an EU project funded by Interreg, which is divided into four work packages and was initiated in collaboration with Hasselt University, Maastricht University, and the University of Liège.

Current population-based studies show that there are significant differences in life expectancy within the Rhine-Meuse region. These differences occur both between individual regions and in comparison to their respective national averages. Against this backdrop, the IMR Blue Zone project was launched to investigate the causes of these disparities as well as lifestyle differences more closely.

In the first two work packages, health-related habits and cardiovascular risk factors will be collected and analyzed through an intervention study using wearables, blood analyses, and questionnaires. Targeted physical activity interventions aim to positively influence health-related behavior. The goal is to identify possible lifestyle differences in the Rhine-Meuse region. Furthermore, curricula of health-related degree programs at the participating universities will be compared to highlight differences in the teaching of preventive medicine content.

In the fourth work package, a survey will be conducted among physicians in the four regions. The aim is to examine the extent to which preventive measures and lifestyle modifications are implemented in clinical practice and communicated to patients.

For more information about the IMR Blue Zone project:

https://www.uhasselt.be/en/aparte-sites-uhasselt-en/imr-blue-zone    https://www.interregmeuserhine.eu/de/projekte/imr-blue-zone /  

Project partners: …

  • Dr. med. Berkan KurtPosterpreis: „Kardiologie“, 131. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM), Wiesbaden (05.06.2025)
    Pressemitteilung
     
  • Martin ReugelsPosterpreis: „Epidemiologie, Pneumologie und Kardiologie“, 131. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM), Wiesbaden (05.06.2025) 
    Pressemitteilung
     
  • Maximilian Neuhaus, Posterpreis: „Kardiologie“, 131. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM), Wiesbaden (05.06.2025) 
    Pressemitteilung
     
  • Martin Reugels, Young Investigator Award Koronare Herzerkrankungen (2nd place), 91. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK), Mannheim (25.04.2025)
     
  • Nadim Tabaza, Rudi Busse Young Investigator Award für experimentelle Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (2ndplace), 91. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK), Mannheim (24.04.2025)
     
  • Maximilian Sausen, Posterpreis: „Kardiologie“, 130. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM), Wiesbaden (15.04.2024)
     
  • Martin ReugelsPosterpreis: „Kardiologie, Geriatrie sowie Pharmakotherapie“, 130. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM), Wiesbaden (15.04.2024)
     
  • Maximilian Sausen, Rudi Busse Young Investigator Award für experimentelle Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (2nd place), 90. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK), Mannheim (05.04.2024)
     
  • Dr. med. Berkan Kurt, Young Investigator Award (1st place), Vascular Medicine and Atherosclerosis Congress (VMAC) 2024, Augsburg (23.02.2024)
    Pressemitteilung
     
  • Maximilian SausenYoung Investigator Award (1st place), Vascular Medicine and Atherosclerosis Congress (VMAC) 2023, Mannheim (21.05.2023)
    Pressemitteilung
     
  • Maximilian Sausen, Posterpreis, Young DGK Science Meeting, Halle (Saale) (02.12.2023)
     
  • Nadim TabazaKaltenbach-Doktorandenstipendium (2023)
  • Founders of the Elective Course in Cardioimmunology (HN015)
    • The elective course "Cardioimmunology" conveys current clinical and scientific findings regarding the role of the immune system in cardiovascular diseases. Students learn interactively how immune cells influence the development, progression, and therapy of cardiovascular diseases and gain insights into translational research as well as potential career paths in science.
  • Aachen Model Medical Program
    • Problem-Oriented Learning (POL) (Semesters 3-6)
    • Clinical Examination Courses (Cardiology) (Semesters 3-6)
    • “How to Read a Paper” (Semester 3)
    • “How to Write a Paper” (Semester 7)
    • Simulation Courses (Semesters 7-10)
    • Bedside Teaching (Practical Year)

The “Kardio-AG” Aachen is the local student initiative within the framework of Young DGK and closely connects the Aachen site with nationwide youth activities. We offer practical formats such as interactive case discussions, introductory courses in echocardiography, short skills sessions, as well as insights into research, doctoral pathways, and career planning. Our goal is to provide easy access to cardiology that brings together clinical practice and scientific work at the University Hospital RWTH Aachen.

The AG is led by our Youngest DGK Ambassador Alessandra Antwerpen together with Marieke Mertens and Konstantin Rex; medically supervised by Prof. Dr. Florian Kahles and Dr. Berkan Kurt. We regularly communicate dates, topics, and participation opportunities through our channels at the Aachen site. Anyone interested in participating, contributing, or seeking information can contact us at any time.

Further information can be found under this link.